A chronology of key events: Madhesh

Also view: A chronology of key events: Nepal

- (Vedic/Mythical Period)	Ikshyaku or Okkāka becomes the first significant king of Madhyadesh (Madhesh)
- (Vedic/Mythical Period)	King Janak rules, capital at Janakpur; Sita, the heroine of Ramayan, born (after 34 generation of Ikshyaku)
c. 1500 BC	Manusmiriti (2/21) defines the boundary of Madhyadesh (Madhesh)
563BC	Siddhartha Gautam (Buddha) born in Kapilvatthu, Majjhimadesh (Madhesh)
268-31 B.C	Emperor Ashoka rules
249 BC	Emperor Ashoka visits Lumbini, tax reduced and entitled to the eight part only.
ca. 353-73 AD	Emperor Samudragupta
c.500-600 AD	King Salhesh rules, capital at Mahisautha, Siraha
c. 1300 AD	Harisinghadev rules, capital at Simraunagadh (currently Simra)
1325 AD	Sultan Gayasudhin Tuglak attacks Simraunagadh
1513 – 1774 AD	Sen Kingdoms in Palpa, Makawanpur, Chaudandi, Bijaypur, Morang
1526 AD	Mughal Empire established
c. 1764 AD	British East India Company gains control over many parts of Madhesh
1768 AD	Gurkha ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah attacks Kathmandu;Dismisses 12000 Tirhutia (Madheshi) armies of Jay Prakash Malla
1774 AD	Prithvi Narayan Shah attacks Makwanpur
1814-16 AD	Anglo-Gurkha WarMadheshis fight on the British side
1816 AD	British-Nepal Treaty on 8th December; British hands over Terai region between west of Koshi and east to Rapti river to Nepal
1846	Kot Massacre takes place; Jang Bahadur becomes prime minister
1860 AD	British-Nepal Treaty; British gifts Terai region between Rapti and Mahakali rivers to Nepal for their support to the East India Company for suppressing Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 to 1859 in India
1911 AD	King George V of Britain visits Terai and hunts 21 tigers, 8 rhinos, and a bear.
1923  Dec 21	Nepal changed from British protectorate to independent nation. (MC, 12/21/01)
1934 AD	Jan 15, An 8.4 Richter scale earthquake kills thousands of people in Nepal/India
1950-51 AD	Ranas fall; King Tribhuvan regains control; interim constitution promulgated
1951 AD	Terai Congress formed led by Vedanand Jha
1952	King Mahendra ascends throne
1952	Nepal Citizenship Act promulgated
1955	Nepal admitted to the United Nations
1956	Nepalese government starts malaria eradication
1956	Raghunath Thakur established the Madhesh Liberation Movement
1957	Imposition of Nepali as sole language for education sparks protests
1958	End of visa provision for Madheshis to enter Kathmandu
1960s	Terai Liberation Front established
1962	King Mahendra issues constitution unfavourable to Madheshis
1963	Nepalese Police kills Ramji Mishra, the leader of Terai Liberation Front
1964	New Citizenship Act makes it harder for Madhesis to acquire citizenship.
1964	”Land Reformation Act” promulgated; massive land seized from Madheshis
1967	Royal Nepalese Army kills Raghunath Raya Yadav, the leader of Terai Liberation Front
1969	Chairman of Terai Liberation Front Satyadev Mani Tripathi killed
1972	King Birendra ascends throne
1981	Raghunath Thakur dies (June 21)
1983	Nepal Sadbhavana Council formed under Gajendra Narayan Singh to raise Madheshi issues.
1989	Nepal’s failure to renegotiate trade and transit treaties with India, India imposes sanction across “open border”
1990	New constitution promulgated following the agitations
1994	Dhanapati Upadhyay Commision finds 4 million people without citizenships
1996	Maoists launch insurgency.
1997	Supreme Court voids 30 thousands citizenship certificates of Madheshis
March 18 1998	Supreme Court bans the use of Maithili (local) language in Rajbiraj and Janakpur Municipalities
2000	Maoists set up Madhesi Rashtriya Mukti Morcha (MRMM) under Jai Krishna Goit in Siliguri.
2000	Dec 26, racial riot against Madheshis began all over the country, following  a rumour that Hrithnik Roshan, an Indian film star, allegedly spoke of his dislike for Nepal. At least 4 people killed.
2002	Supreme Court mandates people to get work permit in the lack of citizenship certificates. Many Madheshis out of work.
2004	Jay Krishna Goit forms the Janatantrik Tarai Mukti Morcha (JTMM).
2006 April	Following nineteen-day mass movement, king announces reinstatement of parliament.
2006 December	Nepalgunj Riot; 26-Dec, Pahadi attacks on a Madheshi gathering and the racial riot begins; Madheshis houses and shops burned, and Madheshis attacked; police and administration found supporting the attack. 30 December, Ian Martin, special representative of the UN Secretary-General, voices his concern about violent activities
2007 Jan-Feb	Madhesh Movement;19-Jan, Maoists clash with Madheshi activists in Lahan, killing student Ramesh Kumar Mahato.20-Jan, Curfew imposed; 21 January-7 February, Movement picks up against the government, with huge public support and mass defiance of curfews, clashes between police and protestors; Almost 40 killed.
2008 January	Madhesh Movement; Massive protests against the government. A series of bomb blasts kill and injure dozens.
2008 May	Nepal becomes a republic.
2011 January	UN peace monitoring mission ends.
2011 March 31	Historic meeting of Madheshis took place in Kathmandu after 22 yearsDr. C. K. Raut appeals for a stronger coalition to take the Madhesh Movement to the global level
2011 May 21	Alliance for Independent Madhesh (AIM) announces manifesto and plans
2012 May	Prime Minister Bhattari dissolves the parliament

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