Monday, January 20, 2014

A chronology of key events: Madhesh

key events of madhesh

Also view: A chronology of key events: Nepal

- (Vedic/Mythical Period)
Ikshyaku or Okkāka becomes the first significant king of Madhyadesh (Madhesh)
- (Vedic/Mythical Period)
King Janak rules, capital at Janakpur;
Sita, the heroine of Ramayan, born (after 34 generation of Ikshyaku)
c. 1500 BC
Manusmiriti (2/21) defines the boundary of Madhyadesh (Madhesh)
563BC
Siddhartha Gautam (Buddha) born in Kapilvatthu, Majjhimadesh (Madhesh)
268-31 B.C
Emperor Ashoka rules
249 BC
Emperor Ashoka visits Lumbini, tax reduced and entitled to the eight part only.
ca. 353-73 AD
Emperor Samudragupta
c.500-600 AD
King Salhesh rules, capital at Mahisautha, Siraha
c. 1300 AD
Harisinghadev rules, capital at Simraunagadh (currently Simra)
1325 AD
Sultan Gayasudhin Tuglak attacks Simraunagadh
1513 – 1774 AD
Sen Kingdoms in Palpa, Makawanpur, Chaudandi, Bijaypur, Morang
1526 AD
Mughal Empire established
c. 1764 AD
British East India Company gains control over many parts of Madhesh
1768 AD
Gurkha ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah attacks Kathmandu;Dismisses 12000 Tirhutia (Madheshi) armies of Jay Prakash Malla
1774 AD
Prithvi Narayan Shah attacks Makwanpur
1814-16 AD
Anglo-Gurkha WarMadheshis fight on the British side
1816 AD
British-Nepal Treaty on 8th December; British hands over Terai region between west of Koshi and east to Rapti river to Nepal
1846
Kot Massacre takes place; Jang Bahadur becomes prime minister
1860 AD
British-Nepal Treaty; British gifts Terai region between Rapti and Mahakali rivers to Nepal for their support to the East India Company for suppressing Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 to 1859 in India
1911 AD
King George V of Britain visits Terai and hunts 21 tigers, 8 rhinos, and a bear.
1923  Dec 21
Nepal changed from British protectorate to independent nation. (MC, 12/21/01)
1934 AD
Jan 15, An 8.4 Richter scale earthquake kills thousands of people in Nepal/India
1950-51 AD
Ranas fall; King Tribhuvan regains control; interim constitution promulgated
1951 AD
Terai Congress formed led by Vedanand Jha
1952
King Mahendra ascends throne
1952
Nepal Citizenship Act promulgated
1955
Nepal admitted to the United Nations
1956
Nepalese government starts malaria eradication
1956
Raghunath Thakur established the Madhesh Liberation Movement
1957
Imposition of Nepali as sole language for education sparks protests
1958
End of visa provision for Madheshis to enter Kathmandu
1960s
Terai Liberation Front established
1962
King Mahendra issues constitution unfavourable to Madheshis
1963
Nepalese Police kills Ramji Mishra, the leader of Terai Liberation Front
1964
New Citizenship Act makes it harder for Madhesis to acquire citizenship.
1964
 ”Land Reformation Act” promulgated; massive land seized from Madheshis
1967
 Royal Nepalese Army kills Raghunath Raya Yadav, the leader of Terai Liberation Front
1969
 Chairman of Terai Liberation Front Satyadev Mani Tripathi killed
1972
 King Birendra ascends throne
1981
 Raghunath Thakur dies (June 21)
1983
Nepal Sadbhavana Council formed under Gajendra Narayan Singh to raise Madheshi issues.
1989
Nepal’s failure to renegotiate trade and transit treaties with India, India imposes sanction across “open border”
1990
New constitution promulgated following the agitations
1994
Dhanapati Upadhyay Commision finds 4 million people without citizenships
1996
Maoists launch insurgency.
1997
Supreme Court voids 30 thousands citizenship certificates of Madheshis
March 18 1998
Supreme Court bans the use of Maithili (local) language in Rajbiraj and Janakpur Municipalities
2000
 Maoists set up Madhesi Rashtriya Mukti Morcha (MRMM) under Jai Krishna Goit in Siliguri.
2000
Dec 26, racial riot against Madheshis began all over the country, following  a rumour that Hrithnik Roshan, an Indian film star, allegedly spoke of his dislike for Nepal. At least 4 people killed.
2002
Supreme Court mandates people to get work permit in the lack of citizenship certificates. Many Madheshis out of work.
2004
Jay Krishna Goit forms the Janatantrik Tarai Mukti Morcha (JTMM).
2006 April
Following nineteen-day mass movement, king announces reinstatement of parliament.
2006 December
Nepalgunj Riot; 26-Dec, Pahadi attacks on a Madheshi gathering and the racial riot begins; Madheshis houses and shops burned, and Madheshis attacked; police and administration found supporting the attack. 30 December, Ian Martin, special representative of the UN Secretary-General, voices his concern about violent activities
2007 Jan-Feb
 Madhesh Movement;19-Jan, Maoists clash with Madheshi activists in Lahan, killing student Ramesh Kumar Mahato.20-Jan, Curfew imposed; 21 January-7 February, Movement picks up against the government, with huge public support and mass defiance of curfews, clashes between police and protestors; Almost 40 killed.
2008 January
Madhesh Movement; Massive protests against the government. A series of bomb blasts kill and injure dozens.
2008 May
Nepal becomes a republic.
2011 January
UN peace monitoring mission ends.
2011 March 31
Historic meeting of Madheshis took place in Kathmandu after 22 yearsDr. C. K. Raut appeals for a stronger coalition to take the Madhesh Movement to the global level
2011 May 21
Alliance for Independent Madhesh (AIM) announces manifesto and plans
2012 May
Prime Minister Bhattari dissolves the parliament

1 comments:

Anonymous said...

diyeko date ma jun ghatna bhayeko cha tyesko bare ma ajha bistrit bivran bhaye jhan ramro..

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